武平号 20个英语复杂句及解析
emer 英语复杂句解析与学习指南
常见复杂句类型及例句
1. 定语从句
定语从句通过关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，增强句子信息量。
| 例句 | 解析 | 关键语法 |
| the book which I borrowed from the library is overdue | （来源：English Grammar in Use） | which引导限定性定语从句修饰book |
| she that won the competition has trained for three years | （来源：Cambridge Grammar） | that指代单数可数名词 |
2. 状语从句
状语从句通过连词（because, when, although）等连接，表达时间、原因等逻辑关系。
- when the sun sets, the sky turns purple
- although he was tired, he finished the project
- because we missed the bus, we walked home
3. 条件状语从句
| 条件 | 结果 | 语法结构 |
| if it rains | we will stay indoors | if + 条件状语从句 |
| provided you study | you will pass the exam | provided + 从句（正式） |
4. 倒装句
倒装句通过语序调整强调重点，常见结构有部分倒装和完全倒装。
- Never had I seen such beautiful sunset
- Only after midnight did the shop open
- Hardly had she arrived when the phone rang
5. 虚拟语气
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
| 与现在事实相反 | if + 过去式，主句用would/could/might | if I were you, I would apologize |
| 与过去事实相反 | if + had done，主句用would have done | if she had known, she would have come |
6. 分词结构
现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动或完成。
- Walking along the street, we saw a accident
- Excited by the news, everyone started dancing
- Having finished homework, he watched TV
7. 双重否定结构
双重否定表肯定，常见于正式文体。
| 否定结构 | 等价表达 |
| not only...but also | 既...又... |
| no sooner...than | 一...就... |
8. 分词短语作状语
分词短语可替代状语从句，使句子更简洁。
- Having checked the time, he rushed to the station
- Surprised by the result, the team celebrated
- Remember to bring your ID when registering
9. 同位语从句
同位语从句用that/whether等连接，解释先行词的具体内容。
| 例句 | 解析 |
| His idea that technology could solve poverty | （来源：Advanced Grammar） |
| we discussed whether to accept the offer | （来源：Longman Grammar） |
10. 强调句
it is/was...that...结构强调特定成分。
- It was the weather that caused the delay
- It has not until now that I understood this theory
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